Travel demand management
Evaluation of TDM proposals
Most TDM programmes include a combination of incentives that lead to synergistic impacts (where the combined impact is greater than the sum of individual impacts). It is therefore important to evaluate a TDM programme as a package rather than as individual strategies / projects. Section 3.1 of the Economic evaluation manual volume 2, 2005, introduces the evaluation subject and the remainder of Chapter details, covering:
Scope of analysis
Choosing the right scope of analysis is particularly important for TDM proposals as the choice can affect both the value and acceptability of the proposal under consideration. Section 3.3 of the Economic evaluation manual volume 2, 2005, covers scope as follows:
- NZTS/LTMA principles and objectives
- Double counting
- Economic development
- Safety and personal security
- Accessibility and mobility
- Public Health
- Sustainability
- Integration
- Responsiveness
- Impacts considered in economic efficiency evaluation
- Business benefits
- Equity impacts
Benefits of TDM programmes
Section 3.8 of the Economic evaluation manual volume 2, 2005, covers the following:
- Types of benefits
- Benefits of mode change
- Dis-benefits
- Traffic congestion reduction
- Private vehicle operating cost savings
- Valuing travel time for TDM
- Trip reliability
- Time and VOC benefits to other road users
- Generated traffic
- Spill-over effects
- Cycle operating costs
- Walking costs
- Motor vehicle accident cost savings
- Cycle/walk accident costs
- Health (fitness) benefits
- Parking user savings
- Other monetised and non-monetised impacts
- Community liveability
- Consumer travel options
- Public transport fares
- Dis-benefits during implementation/construction
- Land use benefits
- National strategic factors
