3.6 - Travel impacts
- 3.1- Overview
- 3.2 - Method of evaluation
- 3.3 - Scope of analysis
- 3.4 - Stages of analysis
- 3.5 - Do minimum
- 3.6 - Travel impacts
- 3.7 - Costs of TDM programmes
- 3.8 - Benefits of TDM programmes
- 3.9 - Period of analysis
- 3.10 - Cost benefit evaluation
- 3.11 - Alternatives and options
- 3.12 - Sensitivity analysis
- 3.13 - Monitoring
- 3.14 - Selecting the appropriate evaluation method
- 3.15 - References
3.6 - Travel impacts
Introduction
TDM programmes affect travel behaviour in various ways, including changes in trip scheduling, route, mode, destination, and frequency, plus traffic speed, mode choice and land use patterns. Different types of travel changes provide different types of impacts, eg a shift from driving to non-motorised travel has significantly different impacts than a shift to public transport.
In order to evaluate the benefits associated with a TDM project, it is necessary to estimate the likely impact that the project will have on travel behaviour including changes in mode share. Methods for estimating the demand for a service or facility and modal share are provided in chapter 4 and appendix A13.
A well-managed and properly supported TDM programme can affect a significant portion of total travel. Comprehensive TDM programmes can achieve cost-effective reductions in private vehicle travel compared with no TDM efforts, although most programmes have only small effects because they focus on particular types of trips (such as commuting), cover a limited geographic scope, or are limited to strategies that can be implemented by a particular government agency.
Well-managed commute trip reduction programmes can reduce vehicle trips to a particular worksite if implemented with regional TDM strategies such as road pricing and major public transport improvements. Other types of trips can also be reduced using appropriate TDM strategies. Land use management strategies such as access management, smart growth and location efficient planning can reduce per capita vehicle travel in a specific area.
